Spider-sense can't dodge lightning from a god — Thor's divine power outclasses Peter completely.
Spider-Man is incredibly capable within his tier, but Thor operates at a fundamentally different power level. This is like the Batman vs. Superman problem, except Peter doesn't even have kryptonite equivalent.
Spider-sense would help Peter dodge physical attacks and potentially even Mjolnir throws, but Thor's lightning is area-of-effect and travels at the speed of light. Dodging a hammer is one thing; dodging lightning that fills the sky is another.
Peter's 10-ton strength is impressive but laughable compared to Thor's planet-moving capability. Webbing might slow Mjolnir briefly, but Thor can simply call it through any obstruction. The power gap is simply too vast.
Spider-sense provides some degree of precognition against Thor's attacks. Peter's intellect could find creative solutions. Web-shooters could temporarily foul Mjolnir or Thor's grip. In the comics, Spider-Man has occasionally landed surprise hits on Thor through sheer speed and agility.
Thor commands lightning, wields an enchanted weapon, and has strength in the same tier as Hulk. One solid hit from Mjolnir would incapacitate Spider-Man. Thor's durability means Peter's punches are completely inconsequential. This is a god vs. a street-level hero.
Thor wins decisively. Peter's agility and spider-sense let him survive longer than most, but he has no realistic path to actually hurting a Norse god. This is a tier mismatch that even Spider-Man's brilliance can't overcome.
Spider-Man also fights
Thor (Norse) also fights