Thanos is a cosmic-tier titan — Spider-Man is brave but hopelessly outmatched.
In Infinity War, Spider-Man tried to fight Thanos on Titan and... it went about as well as you'd expect. Peter got in a few clever moments using his webs and agility, but Thanos casually swatted him away when he got serious.
Thanos's durability alone makes this fight unwinnable for Peter. Spider-Man's 10-ton punches are nothing to someone who tanks planet-busting energy blasts. Thanos could simply stand still and let Peter exhaust himself.
Peter's spider-sense and agility would let him avoid Thanos for a while, but avoidance isn't victory. Eventually, Thanos lands one hit, and that hit has the force of a small nuclear weapon behind it.
Spider-sense helps Peter avoid attacks, and his webs provide tactical options. His intelligence is world-class and he's shown creativity in the comics against cosmic-tier opponents. But creativity doesn't bridge a power gap this extreme.
Thanos is stronger, tougher, and has energy projection that spider-sense can't fully dodge. His durability means Peter's attacks are meaningless. One clean hit ends it.
Thanos wins overwhelmingly. Peter's bravery and cleverness earn him style points, but the cosmic-tier power gap makes this fight unwinnable for Spider-Man.
Spider-Man also fights
Thanos also fights