Superman matches Sonic's speed and vastly exceeds his strength and durability.
Sonic's whole thing is speed โ but Superman is also one of the fastest characters in fiction. In terms of pure velocity, they're surprisingly comparable, with both approaching or exceeding lightspeed.
The difference is everything else. Superman has planet-moving strength, indestructible Kryptonian biology, heat vision, freeze breath, and flight. Sonic has... spinning really fast and being small and blue.
Super Sonic evens the playing field somewhat โ Chaos Emerald power provides invulnerability and greatly amplified abilities. But Super Sonic is ring-limited while Superman's power source (the sun) is effectively infinite.
In base form, Sonic has no realistic path to victory. In Super Sonic form, he can compete but is outclassed in every category except possibly speed.
Sonic's speed is comparable to Superman's. Super Sonic provides invulnerability. Chaos Control could manipulate time. Sonic has defeated cosmic-level threats in his own franchise.
Superman matches Sonic's speed and exceeds him in every other physical category by enormous margins. Heat vision and freeze breath provide ranged options Sonic can't counter. Superman's power source is unlimited while Super Sonic is ring-limited.
Superman wins through superior overall power. Sonic's speed keeps him competitive momentarily, but Superman's combination of strength, durability, and versatility is overwhelming once Super Sonic's rings run out.
Sonic the Hedgehog also fights
Superman also fights